India has the third-largest number of people with HIV, vulnerable populations that lack access to basic health care, and more than 39 million Indians fall into poverty each year due to medical costs. To address these challenges, USAID has been partnering the Indian government, the private sector, and civil society to strengthen the impact, reach, affordability, and quality of health services for poor and vulnerable households. Over the years, health initiatives in India supported by the US government have been complementary to the government of India’s priorities of reproductive and maternal health, TB, and HIV/AIDS.